Class 10  Economics  Chapter 1  Development Questions Answer 

Ques-1- What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitation of this criterion, if any? 

Ans :- Per capita Income, is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries.The limitation of this criterion are :
-It doesn't show distribution of income. 
-It also ignores other factors such as infant mortality rate, literacy level, health care, etc.

Ques- 2-In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?

Answer-World Bank only uses per capita income for measuring development while UNDP uses many other factors like infant mortality, health care, facility education level which help in improving the quality of life and helps in making the citizens more productive.

Ques-3-Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? "Illustrate with your own examples related to the development.

Answer-We use averages for comparison between two countries, two persons or any two or more things.There are the following limitations to the use of averages:

★ Averages do not tell us about similarities or differences between two countries or persons or things. 
★ By averages only one aspect income,size etc. in case of country, marks or participation in sports activities etc. in case of student, can be compared. All aspects or achievements are not compared.

Ques-4-Kerala with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking than Haryana. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states. Do you agree?

Answer-Kerala,with lower per capita income, has a better human development ranking than Maryana. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states. This is true because the literacy rate, infant mortality rate,healthcare facilities etc are bettery in Kerala in comparison to Haryana. The per capita income is only calculated by calculating the average income of state, inrespective of any other factor.

Ques-5-Find out the present sources of energy that are used by the people in India. What could be the other possibilities fifty years from now ? 

Answer-The present sources of energy that are used by the people of India are electricity, coal, crude oil, cow dung and solar energy. Other posibilities fifty years from now, could include ethanol,bio-diesel, nuclear energy and a better utilisation of wind energy, especially with the imminent danger of oil viesources running out.

Ques-6-Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?

Answer-The issue of sustainability is important for development because development must be in tandem with the future. If natural resources are not sustained, then development will stagnate after a point of time : Exploiting resources unethically will ultimately undo the development that a country may have achieved. This is because in future, those resources will not be available for further progress.

Ques. 7-"The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person". How is this statement relevant to the discussion of development?Discuss.

Answer-This statement is relevant to discussion of development since both resources and development go hand in hand.AIs the statement claims, our earth has enough resources - renewable and non-renewable to satisfy everyone's need if we use them in an economic manner. For the sustainability of development, consumption and maintenance of resources is also ouicial. We have to use the resources keeping our environment protected and clear so that there is a balance between the development and use of our resources. As otherwise after a certain point of time in future the development will be stagnated.

Ques-8- List a few examples of environment degradation that you may have observed around you. 

Answer- A few examples of environment degradation that we can observe around us are :
i-Pollution caused by vehicles and the excess use of fuels in vehicles.
ii-Industrial waste collected in residential areas and discarded into water bodies.
iii- Deforestation
iv-Mining
v-Soil Erosion

Ques-9-For each of items given Table 1.6, find out which country is at the top and which is at the bottom.

Answer-As per table 1.6, Sri lanka tops in all the four categories. It has the highest Gross National Income,Life expectancy at Birth,mean years of schooling of people aged 25 and above and HDI rank in the world.

★Nepal has the lowest Gross National income among given countries. 
★Pakistan has least life expectancy at birth and rank the lowest HDI rank in the world among given countries.
★Mean years of schooling of people aged 25 and above is the lowest for Myanmar and Nepal

Ques-10- The following Table shows the proportion of adults (aged 15-49 years) whose BMI is below normal (BMI < 18.5 kg/m²) in India. It is based on a survey of various states for the year 2015-16. Look at the table and answer the following questions.

 

State                              Male %                        Female %
Kerala                           8.5                                 10
Karnataka                    17                                  21
Madhya Pradesh          28                                 28 
All states                       20                                  23

(a) Compare the nutritional level of people in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh?" 
Answer-The nutritional level of people in Kerala is higher than the nutritional level of people in Madhya Pradesh.

(b)Can you guess why around one-fifth of people in the country are undernourished even though it is argued that there is enough in the country? Describe in your own words.

Answer- One-fifth of the population in the country are undernourished. even though it is argued that there is enough food in the country because of the following reasons:- 

★The disparity in distribution of food grains by (PDS) Public Distribution system.
★Nutritious food cannot be afforded by poor population in the country.
★Educational back wardness of people results in unemployment because of which people cannot afford the basic necessity of food.
★There is no proper distribution of ration at the fixed price stores.