Write in brief
1. Explain the following:
(a) Women workers in Britain attacked the Spinning Jenny.
Ans :- British working women saw the Spinning Jenny as a threat to their lives. That's why they started attacking Spinning Jenny.
(b) In the seventeenth century merchants from towns in Europe began employing peasants and artisans within the villages.
Ans :- There is a strong business and arts industry in the countryside. These groups control competition and prices and prevent a new player from entering the market. Because of them, it was difficult for new traders to live in those cities. Thus, merchants in European cities began to employ local farmers and artisans; in the seventeenth century.
(c)The port of Surat declined by the end of the eighteenth century.
Ans :- The East India Company had consolidated its business in the mid–18th century. This led to the decline of the earlier centres of trade; like Surat.
(d) The East India Company appointed gomasthas to supervise weavers in India.
Ans :- The Company tried to eliminate the existing merchants and middlemen who were connected with the cloth trade. He tried to establish a more direct control over the weavers. A paid servant; called gomasthas was appointed to supervise weavers, collect supplies and examine the quality of the cloth.
2. Write True or False against each statement:
(a) At the end of the nineteenth century, 80 per cent of the total workforce in Europe was employed in the technologically advanced industrial sector.
Ans :- False
(b) The international market for fine textiles was dominated by India till the eighteenth century.
Ans :- True
(c) The American Civil War resulted in the reduction of cotton exports from India.
Ans :- False
(d) The introduction of the fly shuttle enabled handloom workers to improve their productivity.
Ans :- True
3. Explain what is meant by proto- industrialisation.
Ans :- The period of industrialization before the first factories came up in Europe. This period was marked by merchants from towns getting products made in villages. The proto-industrial system was a trading network. It was controlled by merchants. The goods were produced by peasants who worked on family farms and not in factories. The finished product went through several stages and reached the London markets. From London, the products were supplied to the international market.
Tags:
Social Science